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عمومی::
سیستم تمامیت خواه
Threemajorpowersystemsaredescribed: The 'inclusive' totalitarian system, the 'non-inclusive' bureau- cratic system, and the 'exclusive' plan targeting system.
The totalitarian system is aiming at controlling the whole population of a social system and based on resource exploitation.
The focus of this chapter is on the principles of functioning of totalitarian systems, bureaucracies, and corporate plan target systems.
While the communist totalitarian system had also applied bureaucracy and plan targeting, the combination of the three did not alleviate their weaknesses.
Beyond that, the long- term research undertaken into the functioning of totalitarian systems and most notably into the economic systems of the communist countries of Europe during 1967-1990, and finally collected information about the management developments in the last 50 years in Western Europe.
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سیاسی و روابط بین الملل::
نظام توتالیتر
Naturally, power struggles exist in the post- totalitarian system as well, and most of them are far more brutal than in an open society, for the struggle is not open, regulated by democratic rules, and subject to public control, but hidden be- hind the scenes.
Here, by the way, is one of the most important differences between the post- totalitarian system and classical dictatorships, in which this line of conflict can still be drawn according to social class.
In the post- totalitarian system, this line runs de facto through each person, for everyone in his own way is both a victim and a supporter of
In this situation there are only two possibilities: either the post- totalitarian system will go on developing (that is, will be able to go on developing), thus inevitably coming closer to some dreadful Orwellian vision of a world of absolute manipulation, while all the more articulate expressions of living within the truth are definitely snuffed out; or the independent life of society (the parallel polis), including the "dissident" movements, will slowly but. surely be- come a social phenomenon of growing importance, taking a real part in the life of society with increasing clarity and influencing the general situation.
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